Motor speed and circuit governing electrical system



S. P. MORSE Sept. 9, 1952 MOTOR SPEED AND CIRCUIT GOVERNING ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 Original Filed Nov. 8, 1945 lNVENTOR ATTORNEY Sept. 9, 1952 S- P. MORSE MOTOR SPEED AND CIRCUIT GOVERNING ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Original Filed Nov. 8, 1945 2 SHEETSSHEET 2 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 9, 1952 MOTOR SPEED AND CIRCUIT GOVERNING ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Shirley P. Morse, East Haven, Conn., assignor to The A. C. Gilbert Company, New Haven, Conn., a corporation of Maryland Original application November 8, 1945, Serial No. 627,479. Divided and this application March 18, 1948, Serial No. 15,616

4 Claims. 1 This invention relates to electric control systems involving centrifugally responsive manually settable circuit controllers for starting, stopping, maintaining and/or regulating the speed of running of an electric motor. This application is divisional from my copending application, Serial No. 627,479, filed November 8, 1945, now Patent No. 2,056,312, May 2, 1950.

An important object of the present improvements is, when desired, to relieve motor speed regulating contacts of the duty of carrying heavy .electrical loads for prolonged periods of time when automatic regulation, of the motor speed is not required.

A contributory object is to enable a single handled, speed-setting, electric controller to stop the motor, to direct current to the motor through automatically operative speed regulating contacts by which the running speed of the motor is automatically determined and maintained, and ptionally to direct current to the motor around or independently of such speed regulating contacts.

A further object is to relieve the speed regulating contacts of heavy currentcarrying duty by short circuiting them upon occasions, such as when the motor is utilized to drive food processing accessories for extracting fruit juices, grinding meat, cracking ice, seeding raisins, etc,

These and related objects of the improvements will appear in greater particular in the following description of a successful embodiment of the invention which has reference to the appended drawings. In the drawings arrows applied to section planes indicate the direction in which the subject is viewed in those figures of the drawings whose numbers correspond to the numerals applied to the arrows.

Fig. 1 is a side view of an electrically. powered kitchen food mixing appliance in which is in- ,corporated a manually settable motor circuit governing mechanism embodying the present improvements.

Fig 2 is a view looking from the left in Fig. 1 at the rear end of the appliance showing the motor speed setting handle and speed indicating lndicia. J J

Fig. 3 is a view drawn on an enlarged scale taken in section through the motor speed governing mechanism on the planes 3-3 in Figs. 2 and 4.

Fig. 4 shows the rear face of the subassemblage of circuit making and breaking contacts removed from the speed setting unit and viewed from the plane 4-4 in Fig.3.

Fig. 5 is a view taken in section on the plane 5-5 in Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view taken in section on the plane 6-6 in Fig. 3 showing swivel limiting stops for the speed setting handle.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of electric circuits and wiring connections embodying one form of improved electrical systems made possible by the structures illustrated in the remaining figures of the drawings.

The motor circuit governor-of these improvements is particularly adapted for installationin the rear end of a household food mixing appliance such as that shown in Fig. 1 whose motor and external instrumentalities are more completely shown in United States Patent No. 2,292,566, granted August 11, 1942. The torpedo shaped casing or housing structure of the appliance is indicated as a whole at l0 and forpurposes of the present invention is divided into a main, motor surrounding section II and a rounded end section [2. As in Figs. 7, 8 and 9 of the aforesaid patent, the main casing section II may support the spindle or spindles S of conventional food agitators not shown, as well as a lateral power socket H or a top power socket F into which can be inserted the tenoned "shaft of a food processing accessory such as a fruit juicer, meat grinder, ice cracker, raisin seeder or the like. This main casing section I! also contains power transmission and chuck devices that couple the motor drivingly to such a spindle, spindles or accessory shafts as are fully set forth in the said patent. I

In the main housing section a rotor bearing l5 for a motor armature and its shaft 16 is lodged in a housing partition wall H, as is also a thrust washer I8 for the axial thrust ball bearing I9. There is fastened on the end of shaft 16 by set screw 22 the hub 23 of a centrifugal speed regu lator indicated as a whole by 24. This automatic regulator as indicated in Fig. 3 may be of conventional construction and comprises two oppositely bowed spiders 25 and 26 each having four limber resilient radial arms, alike, joined together at their outer ends by fastenings 21 which also secure to said arms the centrifugal weights 28. The .spider 25 nearest the motor is fixed on hub 23. The other of outer spider 26 carries coaxially with shaft [6 a pressor button 29 which moves toward the right in Fig. 3 as increasing rotary speed of the motor shaft and regulator brings centrifugal forces to play upon the weights.

The rounded end section I2 of'the appliance housing structure is provided with a circumfer= switch mechanism is integrated in the form of a .l.

unit detachable from the main housing section II and from handle 20.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the single manual speed setting controller, designated 31 as a whole; 4

is shown to comprise a handle knob'38 outside the end housing section l2 and an actuator 39 inside of this housing section including a crank post 5| and a wrench-like socket'lB. V Actuator 39 is operably joined to handle 3-8 by a tie bolt J 40 which may contain the socket 18 and whose head flange M draws the actuator 39 "tightly against a hub 48 portion of handle 38 when nut l'tistightened. Nut'42'is on the threaded end 43 of tie bolt 40 which has a screw driverslot 44 andisconcealed in'a central recess '46 in handle 38"c0vered bya removable snap plate '45 which can be forced'into and pried out of a shallow counterbore around this recess. 'Tie bolt 48 extends with freely sliding clearance through a hole 41inhandle38." J

' "Hubifl'of handle 38 is thus journaled'to turn freely in a central bearing hole M through the dome's'hapedwall 13 of end section l2 and is'retained axially in place by the actuator 39 which is ofl'arge enough compass to overlap the inside of Wall 13. Handle hub 48 is grooved diametrically at 4'9 and fittingly receives at least one key lug 50 fixedly carried by actuator '39 so that the actuator {always turns in unison with, handle 38. The extent of'rotarymovement of controller 3! is limited to less 'than'a'complete turn by a "stationary stop abutment '52 'projecting'from the inner "surface of wall I3 which encounters the "turn limiting shoulders 53 and 54 on actuator 35!. Crank'post 5|, and if" desired other portions of actuator 39, will preferably be madeof insulating inaterial 7 i l j Agroupof current'i'conductive parts, including "broadside 'wavable flaps carrying circuit making andbreaking terminalsor contacts that are movable jointly by the" centrifugal regulator 24 and 'by'thespeed setting'manualcontroller 31, are disposed between-an'd transverse the axis of such regulator and "controller. These parts are all carried 'asa unit ona' switch base plate 55 which is preferably of insulating material. Base plate 65 is removably fastened againstan annular shoulder 56 formed internallyon the removable end'housing section [2 by screws 51 which engage with threaded holes in" bosses '58 cast integrally with the wall of'this housing section. A rectangular aperture 59 is cut in' ba-se plate -55 an'd'is largely'occupied 'by'a stiff card flap 60 of insulating material 'swingably supported at one 'of its edges by a narrow thin 'twistable hinge strip "6| -fastened to card 60 by eyelets; 62; These eyelets are electricallyconductive and also serve r toj clamp against the reverse face of card the mounting flange 63' of a limber resilient U ,-shaped conductive flap 64 carrying atits opposite or free widened endtwo speed maintaining or regulating circuit terminal contacts 65'. alike in, polarity. Opposed respectively to contacts 65 are two cooperative speed maintaining or regulating contacts I66 alike in polarity'but of diff erent polarity frornftha't of contacts 5; Centactsiifi are car.- riedby arigid conductive bridge strip "67 "firmly 'base plate 45 also carries bearing support for a speed setting adjuster 13, such support being sta- -tioned=on theend-section i2 of the housing struc- 3 tureindependently of and apart from the controller 3-1. The speed setting adjuster i3 is thus felocatedbetween motor shaft I6 and the said Emanual controller axial alignment with both of them. Specifically in the form herein illustrated, the bearing support includes a stiff bracket 14 of conductive material in which is fixed in coaxial relationto the-motor s'ha-ft an internally threaded bushing 1-5. Bracket 14 is fastened to the switch base plate 55 by eyelets '15. The aforementioned adjuster 1-3 takes the form of a screw adjustably iturnablc in threaded engagement with bushing 15 and having a flat sided head Tl slidably fitting a fiatsidedsecket 18 formed in the end of actuator 39. Thus adjuster 13 is operably related to the controller 31 while the latter remains freely separable from the former iorpermittingall of the parts :c'arried 'byswitch base 55 to be removed from-the housing section ["2 without disturbing the assemblage of controller 3 1 with this housing section. I 1 I We now come to the improved arrangement of motor cut-outand starting .master'contacts 8 2-84 together with auxiliary motor power vsustaining contacts 81-74 for sliort-circuitin'gautomatic speed regulating contacts 65 and 66, carried by base plate "55' in position to -beactuated by the crank post 5 l of the actuator39 of the manual controller 31 The motor cut-out andstart'ing pair of master contacts comprise a springleaf conductor arm 82 serving :as one contact o'f-the master pair havingone end fixedlyanchored at its base end on bracket M by me'ans'of-eyelets 83 and'adapte'd at its free end to "make and break contact with the'overhanging shelf-like end of a stiff bent strip terminal "84 serving as the other contact of the master pair which is fixedly stationed on the base plate '55 by 'a through eyelet '86 and is elongated to extend through acloselyfitting slot in the base plateand'projects from-the opposite face thereof to serve as a connector prong 85. The pair of auxiliary contacts .for permanently sustaining the motor circuit by short-'circu'iting contacts 65 and GBinclude spring leaf 'c'cmduct'ive arm 81, serving as one contac't of the auxiliary pair; 'theirree end :ofrw'hich overlies and makes and breaks contact with bracket 'i'd' serving as the :other' contact of the auxiliary pair. Another elongated connector prong 88 "togethenwith arm 81 are conductively joined and fixed on b'ase"plate 55 by a through :eyelet 39, :said prong 88 extending through a closely fitting slot in base plate 55 and parallel 'withprongkflfi'. 1 1

There is a third connector prong 99 similarly fixed on the, base plate '55 by an eyelet 9.! and extending through a closely fitting plate slot. Eyelet-9| also clamps a -conductive bus strap1-92 against the mounted end of prong 90 which'carries current to the aforementioned hinge strip 6! of the cardfiap -.B6..:. .Itfhas heretofore been mentioned that "nm'ge strip I6! is in permanent "electrical connection with the co nductive' contact carrying flap 64 through eyele't's fiz.

A flexible lead wire electrically connects the and without appreciably impeding free swinging movement of the card flap. The lead wire 93 passes from one face of base plate 55 to the other through holes 94 which enable wire 93 to cross the hinge strip 6I at a point where it is mechanically and electrically separated therefrom.

, Fig. 6 shows a circular series of sunken spots 95 on the inner concave face of handle skirt 90 whose outer convex face is marked with speed indicating indicia 91 turnable into selective register with the index arrow 98 carried on the stationary wall I3 of housing section I2. A detent ball 89 is pressed by spring'I00 into the circular path traversed by sunken spots 95 as the knobhandle 38 is turned and serves yieldably to retain the handle in any of its several set rotary speed selecting positions. Spring I08 is free to expand axially in a bore IOI in boss I02 formed on the interior of housing section [2. Therearend of bore IOI faces the-switch base plate 55 so that the latter retains the spring I in this bore and serves as removable thrust abutment for the spring.

In applying and removing the speed governing unit from the main body of the appliance, the

.free ends of the before described conductive prongs 85 and 88 wipe into or out of conductive engagement with spring clip circuit terminals I55 and I56, respectively, which connect electrically to the two sides of the motor; The third prong 9D in like manner wipes into and out of conductive engagement with a third spring clip circuit terminal I80 which connects electrically with a condenser IBI-arranged' in shunt relation to speed regulating contacts 65 and 86 for reducing sparking thereat. As indicated in Figs. 3 and each of the three spring clip circuit terminals I55, I56 and I80 is mounted on an insulative supporting plate I51 that may be fixed on the partition wall I1 of the main section of the appliance housing. The plates I51 as well as wall I1 have registering apertures I58 to admit the prongs 85-, 88 and 90 as the latter are thrust forward in joining'the control unit to the main body of the appliance.

With particular reference to Fig. '1, in conjunction with other figures of the drawings; the operation will bedescribed by starting with the speed setting handle 38 positioned as a Fig; 2 where the indicium Oif registers with index arrow 98. At this time the shoulder 53 of the actuator 39 is at rest against the stationary stop lug 52 on the housing which permits only clockwise turning of the handle from its position in Fig. 2. Also in this Off position the crank post 5I bears against spring leaf arm or master contact 82 and holds the latters free end separated from bent strip terminal or master contact 84, arm 82 being so sprung as normally to tend to contact with terminal 84.

While there are many possible circuit arrangements that will cause making and breaking of contact between 82 and 84 to start and stop the motor, Fig. '1 diagrams an electrical system in which current is fed to an appliance through two wires I90, I9I of aflexible attachment cord I92 shown in Fig. 1. Wire I90 leads to one field winding of the motor whose opposite end connects to a spring clip I55. The other wire I9I leads to the other field winding of the motor and thence through the motor brushes and armature M to the spring clip I56 and also to the condenser I8I whose other side is connected to spring clip I80. Thus it will be seen that in the above described starting position of the parts all current path from wire I90 is dead-ended at 84. 7

; When handle 38 is turned clockwise in Fig. 2,

crank post 5| swings clear of the spring leaf arm 82 permitting the latter to engage conductively the bent strip 84 which will complete a circuit through I90motor field windingI5585- 84-82 -14-92-6I -54--656661-- 9388I58motor field winding-49L Current can not at this time pass through prong 90 because circuit throughthe latter is dead-ended at condenser I81. The motor will now start and speed up until centrifugal force acting on regulator 25 draws the presser, button 29 toward the right. Follow-up of card flap B0 is occasioned by the spring tension in flap 04 which always tends to separate speed regulating contacts 55, 56 and finally is able to do so when the motor has attained the speed for which the adjuster 13 has been set by handle 38. Upon this automatic separation of contacts 55, 55,, the above said circuit through the motor will become broken and as the motor losesspeed presser button 29 will move toward the left and ultimately re-make the motor circuit through contacts 65, 66. Thus alternate deenergizing and reenergizing of the motor will keep it at a constant set speed irrespective of variations in the mechanical load which it is called upon to drive. As the adjuster 13 is screwed toward the right in Figs. 3 and '7 by clockwise turning of handle 38 in Fig. 2, a higher and higher speed of the motor will be required to draw presser button 29 far enough to the right to separate contact 86 from contact as is well understood in this art.

The present circuit governing mechanism incorporates a new and valuable feature in the ability to relieve the automatic speed regulating contacts 65, 65 of carrying the heavier current drawn by the motor when it is loaded with relatively heavy duty accessory appliances such as fruit juicers, meat choppers, etc. This is accomplished by providing an additional circuit from the prong 88 through the spring leaf conductive arm or auxiliary contact 81 to the point on bracket or auxiliary contact 14 touched thereby. This circuit is made when arm 81 is thrust into conductive contact with bracket 14 in the extreme rotary position of crank post 5| occasioned by turning handle 38 clockwise as far as it will go in Fig. 2. On this occasion limit shoulder 54 on actuator 39 brings up against the stop 52 and in this position, crank post 5I rides onto the sloping free end portion of spring arm 81 forcing the latter conductively against bracket 14. This short circuits the regular contacts 55, 58 so that these contacts are relieved of carrying heavy load currents for long periods of time. The circuit by which the motor is now energized becomes, I field winding I55-8584-82-148188 I56-motor brush and armature-motor field winding-ISL As soon as handle 38 is turned backward, or counterclockwise, contact breaks between 14 and 81 restoring the automatic control of the motor speed to contacts 85 and 66. This handle 38 comprises common means mechanically associated both with the pair of master contacts 8284 and with the pair of auxiliary contacts 81-14 for manually operating at least one contact of each of said pairs selectively.

Many different arrangements of electric circuits incorporating a power motor, and if den trogen sired-various electrical-* ts for introducing into such circuits 'fixeld or variable electrical capaci *t ance; inductance, resistance or transformer erfec' ts, will suggest themselves to those skilled this art, wherefore the appended claims are directed't'o and intended to cover all variations in electrical systemas well as all obvioussubsti tutes Iio'r the herein illustrated mechanical' pantsand arrangements that fairly come within the language of the claims.

- I claim:

a 1. In a motor apowered electrical appliance, n circuit switching system for variously governing :by'unitary manual control a motor structurally incorporatedin the appliance, embodying in said circuit in combination withithe motor, separable motor-speed maintaining contacts, mechanism responsive to changes speed of the r'notor open ativel related to at least one of said speed main 'tain'ing contacts in a manner to open and close the latter repeatedly and automatically, 'a'djusta'bly movable manual controller settable to different positions within its range of movement, mechanical devices opera-tivel inter osed between saidmanu-al controller and at least one of said speed maint'ain'ingcontacts enabling adjustment of said manual controller to vary 'the extent "of separation of said speed maintaining contacts and thereby predetermine the motor speed automatically maintained by said mechanism, motor cut-out contacts in series with said speed maintaining contacts arranged to be opened and closed mechanically by respectively reverse movements of said manual controller in one portion of the latters said range of movement, and

motor power sustaining contacts electrically connected in shunt to said speed maintaining contacts arranged to be opened and-closed mechani- 'cally by respectively reverse movements of said manual controller in a different portion of the circuit 's'witclii-ng system for variously screening by unitary'manual centrol a motor structurally "f ated in the ap liance, embody ng in said circuit -in combination with the motor, separable motor speed maintaining contacts, mechanism responsive to changes in speed of the inotorop'eratively related to-ait least one bf saidspeedjm'aintaint-rig contacts ii'i a manner to open and close the latter repeatedly and automatically, an ad'- justably movable manual controller settable to 'difiere'nt positions within its range "or movement, mechanical devices 'opraitively interposed tetween Said manual controller and at least one of said s eed maintaining contacts enabling adj'ustment or said manual controller to vary the extent "of separation of said speed maintaining contacts and thereby ipr edetermine the :motor speed automatically maintained by said mechanism, motor circuit cut-out contacts in series with said speed maintaining contacts arranged to be opened and closed mechanically by ad- ,justive movements of said manual controller respectively toward and away from one end of it's said range of movement, "and motor power "s'ust'aining contacts electrically connected in shunt to said speed maintaining contacts arranged to be closed and opened mechanically by movements of said manual controller respectively toward and away from the other end of its said range of movement.

4. In a motor powered electrical appliance, a circuit switching system as defined in claim 3 wherein the said mechanical devices between the said manual controller and "one or the said speed maintainingcontacts are arranged to be actuated for varying the extent of separation of the said speed maintaining contacts by adjustive movement of said manual controller between the said ends of its said range of movement.

SHIRLEY P. MORSE.

REFERENCES Ci'TE'D The following ne'ferences' are-of record the 

